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Strengthen the Evidence for Maternal and Child Health Programs

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Evidence Tools
MCHbest. Adequate Insurance.

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Strategy. Outreach Using School Staff

Approach. Use trained school staff to assist families in getting insurance coverage

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Overview. Schools can be a point of intervention for enrolling young children in public health insurance and as a source of trusted information for parents experiencing economic challenges. In one study, school nurses and administrative staff attend regional trainings on how to use a required health assessment form, submitted at school entry, to identify uninsured children who could be eligible but are not enrolled in public insurance.[1]

Evidence. Emerging Evidence. Strategies with this rating typically trend positive and have good potential to work. They often have a growing body of recent, but limited research that documents effects. However, further study is needed to confirm effects, determine which types of health behaviors and conditions these interventions address, and gauge effectiveness across different population groups. (Clarifying Note: The WWFH database calls this "mixed evidence").

Access the peer-reviewed evidence through the MCH Digital Library or related evidence source. (Read more about understanding evidence ratings).

Source. Peer-Reviewed Literature

Outcome Components. This strategy has shown to have impact on the following outcomes (Read more about these categories):

  • Cost. This strategy helps to decrease the financial expenditure incurred by individuals, healthcare systems, and society in general for healthcare services.
  • Access to/Receipt of Care. This strategy increases the ability for individuals to obtain healthcare services when needed, including preventive, diagnostic, and treatment services.
  • Health Outcomes. This strategy helps contribute to reducing avoidable differences among socioeconomic and demographic groups or geographical areas in health status and health outcomes such as disease, disability, or mortality.

Detailed Outcomes. For specific outcomes related to each study supporting this strategy, access the peer-reviewed evidence and read the Intervention Results for each study.

Intervention Type. Case Management (Read more about intervention types and levels as defined by the Public Health Intervention Wheel).

Intervention Level. Community-Focused

Examples from the Field. Access descriptions of ESMs that use this strategy directly or intervention components that align with this strategy. You can use these ESMs to see how other Title V agencies are addressing the NPM.

Sample ESMs. Here are sample ESMs to use as models for your own measures using the Results-Based Accountability framework (for suggestions on how to develop programs to support this strategy, see The Role of Title V in Adapting Strategies).

Quadrant 1:
Measuring Quantity of Effort
("What/how much did we do?")

PROCESS MEASURES:

  • Number of school nurses and administrative staff who attend regional trainings on insurance outreach. (Measures workforce development for the intervention)
  • Number of families contacted by school staff to offer assistance with insurance enrollment. (Quantifies the reach of direct outreach efforts)

Quadrant 2:
Measuring Quality of Effort
("How well did we do it?")

PROCESS MEASURES:

  • Percent of school staff who demonstrate proficiency in assessing eligibility and assisting with insurance enrollment after training. (Evaluates the quality of workforce preparation)
  • Percent of identified uninsured families who are successfully contacted by school staff. (Measures the efficiency and persistence of outreach efforts)

Quadrant 3:
Measuring Quantity of Effect
("Is anyone better off?")

PROCESS MEASURES:

  • Number of community partners engaged by schools to support insurance outreach and enrollment efforts. (Leverages external resources and expertise)
  • Number of referrals made by school staff to local health insurance navigators for complex cases. (Ensures warm handoffs for families needing more intensive support)

OUTCOME MEASURES:

  • Number of students who establish a medical home and receive comprehensive care after gaining insurance coverage. (Reflects the broader health impact beyond enrollment)
  • Number of school days attended by students who were previously absent due to untreated health conditions. (Demonstrates the link between health and academic engagement)

Quadrant 4:
Measuring Quality of Effect
("How are they better off?")

PROCESS MEASURES:

  • Percent of eligible schools in the district that participate in insurance outreach and enrollment efforts. (Measures the reach and saturation of the intervention)
  • Percent of school districts in the state that adopt the model of using health assessment forms for insurance outreach. (Measures the spread and replication of the approach)

OUTCOME MEASURES:

  • Percent reduction in the uninsured rate among school-age children in the district. (Evaluates the population-level impact on coverage rates)
  • Percent increase in the number of students meeting age-appropriate health and development benchmarks. (Reflects the long-term impact on child health and wellbeing)

Note. When looking at your ESMs, SPMs, or other strategies:

  1. Move from measuring quantity to quality.
  2. Move from measuring effort to effect.
  3. Quadrant 1 strategies should be used sparingly, when no other data exists.
  4. The most effective measurement combines strategies in all levels, with most in Quadrants 2 and 4.

Learn More. Read how to create stronger ESMs and how to measure ESM impact more meaningfully through Results-Based Accountability.

References

1 Jenkins JM. Healthy and Ready to Learn: Effects of a school‐based public health insurance outreach program for kindergarten‐aged children. Journal of School Health. 2018 Jan;88(1):44-53.

This project is supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) under grant number U02MC31613, MCH Advanced Education Policy, $3.5 M. This information or content and conclusions are those of the author and should not be construed as the official position or policy of, nor should any endorsements be inferred by HRSA, HHS or the U.S. Government.