Skip Navigation

Strengthen the Evidence for Maternal and Child Health Programs

Sign up for MCHalert eNewsletter

Evidence Tools
MCHbest. Childhood Vaccination with MMR, Flu, and HPV.

MCHbest Logo

Strategy. Social Media and Online Engagement

Approach. Develop social media and website content with information about vaccines to reduce vaccine hesitancy in parents.

Return to main MCHbest page >>

Overview. Developing social media and website content with science-based vaccine information can be a powerful public health tool to reduce vaccine hesitancy in parents.[1] This approach leverages the reach and usability of online platforms to address parental concerns, improve knowledge about vaccine safety and efficacy, and ultimately increase childhood vaccination rates.[1] Content should be created by credible sources, like public health agencies or medical professional associations, and address common vaccine hesitancy themes with accurate and easy-to-understand language.[1] Utilizing engaging visuals and interactive elements can enhance content shareability and user engagement, and promoting content across various social media platforms and collaborating with trusted online influencers can further amplify its reach and impact.[1] Examples of successful public health programs utilizing social media and website content include the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's. (CDC) "Get Vaccinated" campaign featuring science-based infographics and parent testimonials, and similar initiatives by state health departments offering interactive vaccine information portals and engaging social media Q&A sessions with pediatricians.[2, 3] Peer-reviewed research suggests this approach can be effective. Studies have shown that high-quality, tailored social media content can improve vaccine knowledge, address misinformation, and increase vaccination intent among parents.[4]

Evidence. Emerging Evidence. Strategies with this rating typically trend positive and have good potential to work...

Access the peer-reviewed evidence through the MCH Digital Library or related evidence source.

Potential Data Sources. Data to support this strategy can be accessed through:

  • Qualitative data from focus groups and interviews
  • Social media listening and monitoring data
  • Pre- and post- campaign surveys

Outcome Components. This strategy has shown to have impact on the following outcomes (Read more about these categories):

  • Health and Health Behaviors/Behavior Change. This strategy improves individuals' physical and mental health and their adoption of healthy behaviors (e.g., healthy eating, physical activity).
  • Access to/Receipt of Care. This strategy increases the ability for individuals to obtain healthcare services when needed, including preventive, diagnostic, and treatment services.

Detailed Outcomes. For specific outcomes related to each study supporting this strategy, access the peer-reviewed evidence and read the Intervention Results for each study.

Intervention Type. Social Marketing (Read more about intervention types and levels as defined by the Public Health Intervention Wheel).

Intervention Level. Community-Focused

Examples from the Field. There are currently no ESMs that use this strategy. Search similar intervention components in the ESM database.

Sample ESMs. Here are sample ESMs to use as models for your own measures using the RBA framework (see The Role of Title V in Adapting Strategies).

Quadrant 1:
Measuring Quantity of Effort
(“What/how much did we do?”)

  • Number of social media posts and website articles created to provide accurate and engaging vaccine information to parents. (Measures content production)
  • Number of social media influencers and trusted messengers engaged to amplify pro-vaccine messages to parent audiences. (Assesses strategic partnership efforts)

Quadrant 2:
Measuring Quality of Effort
(“How well did we do it?”)

  • Percent of vaccine-related social media content that incorporates interactive elements and user-generated discussions to foster engagement. (Measures audience participation)
  • Percent of online vaccine information resources that are mobile-friendly and available across various devices and platforms. (Ensures broad usability)

Quadrant 3:
Measuring Quantity of Effect
(“Is anyone better off?”)

  • Number of partner organizations and online platforms led by Title V mobilized to expand the reach and visibility of vaccine-related content that results in an increase in knowledge and/or skill. (Measures amplification through partnerships)
  • Number of parents who express increased confidence in vaccines and intention to vaccinate their children after interacting with the online content. (Indicates persuasive impact)
  • Number of online communities and social networks where pro-vaccine norms and conversations are amplified and sustained over time. (Measures shift in social discourse)
  • Number of policies and practices changed to strengthen childhood vaccination programs as a result of online parent education and activism. (Indicates systems-level impact)

Quadrant 4:
Measuring Quality of Effect
(“How are they better off?”)

  • Percent of partner organizations and online platforms led by Title V mobilized to expand the reach and visibility of vaccine-related content that results in an increase in knowledge and/or skill. (Measures amplification through partnerships)
  • Percent of parents who express increased confidence in vaccines and intention to vaccinate their children after interacting with the online content. (Indicates persuasive impact)
  • Percent of online communities and social networks where pro-vaccine norms and conversations are amplified and sustained over time. (Measures shift in social discourse)
  • Percent of policies and practices changed to strengthen childhood vaccination programs as a result of online parent education and activism. (Indicates systems-level impact)

Note. When looking at your ESMs, SPMs, or other strategies:

  1. Move from measuring quantity to quality.
  2. Move from measuring effort to effect.
  3. Quadrant 1 strategies should be used sparingly, when no other data exists.
  4. The most effective measurement combines strategies in all levels, with most in Quadrants 2 and 4.

Learn More. Read how to create stronger ESMs and how to measure ESM impact more meaningfully through Results-Based Accountability.

References

[1] Rodrigues, F., Ziade, N., Jatuworapruk, K., Caballero-Uribe, C. V., Khursheed, T., & Gupta, L. (2023). The Impact of Social Media on Vaccination: A Narrative Review. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 38(40).

[2] COVID-19 vaccination. (2024, April 23). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/index.html

[3] Immunizations | Texas DSHS. (n.d.). https://www.dshs.texas.gov/immunizations

[4] Wilson, S. L., & Wiysonge, C. (2020). Social media and vaccine hesitancy. BMJ global health, 5(10), e004206.

This project is supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) under grant number U02MC31613, MCH Advanced Education Policy, $3.5 M. This information or content and conclusions are those of the author and should not be construed as the official position or policy of, nor should any endorsements be inferred by HRSA, HHS or the U.S. Government.